The Impact of Total Quality Management on the Logistical Performance of Iraqi Ports: Information Technology as a Moderating Variable (An Exploratory Study in Umm Qasr Port)

The Impact of Total Quality Management on the Logistical Performance of Iraqi Ports

Abstract

This study aims to explore the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on the logistical performance of Iraqi ports, identifying the role of information technology (IT) as a moderating variable in enhancing this relationship, with a focus on Umm Qasr Port as a case study. The study's significance stems from the vital role of ports in supporting national and international trade, achieving operational efficiency, and reducing logistics costs. The study is based on a theoretical framework that integrates the concepts of TQM, logistical performance, and the use of information technology in logistics operations. The researcher adopted the quantitative approach, and data were collected from a representative sample of administrative and technical staff at the upper and middle levels, in addition to members of the quality, logistics and information technology departments, using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool specifically designed for this purpose. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), with Bootstrapping testing employed to determine the significance of coefficients and estimate relationships between variables. The study revealed several key findings, most notably that Total Quality Management (TQM) is positively correlated with logistical performance. This indicates that implementing TQM principles, particularly top management commitment, employee participation, continuous improvement, customer focus, and training and development, contribute to enhancing the efficiency of logistical operations. The findings also showed that investing in TQM and adopting advanced technological solutions strengthens the competitiveness of Iraqi ports and enables more effective management of resources and operational processes. Furthermore, the study provides practical recommendations for developing digital infrastructure, training personnel in technology use, and improving storage and transportation methods, all of which contribute to raising performance levels and achieving customer satisfaction.